What are viral hemorrhagic fevers?
Viral hemorrhagic fevers are a group of infections caused by several different viruses. These illnesses can affect blood vessels and organs throughout the body. Some cases are mild, while others can become serious and require emergency medical care.
Examples of viral hemorrhagic fevers include Ebola, yellow fever, Marburg virus disease, and Lassa fever. These illnesses are rare in the United States but are more common in parts of Africa, Asia, and South America.
Symptoms
Symptoms may start suddenly and can range from mild to severe depending on the type of virus.
Common symptoms include:
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Muscle aches
- Weakness
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Nausea or vomiting
In more serious cases, symptoms may include:
- Bleeding problems
- Low blood pressure
- Confusion
- Seizures
- Kidney or liver problems
How is it diagnosed?
Healthcare providers diagnose viral hemorrhagic fevers by reviewing symptoms, recent travel, and possible exposure risks. A physical exam and blood tests can help identify infection and check how the body’s organs are functioning.
Because some symptoms are similar to other illnesses, specialized laboratory testing may be needed to confirm the diagnosis.
How is it treated?
Treatment for viral hemorrhagic fevers focuses on supporting the body while it fights the infection. Care may include fluids, oxygen, medications to control fever or pain, and monitoring in the hospital.
Some antiviral medicines may help treat certain viral infections, but many VHFs do not have a specific cure. Severe cases may require intensive care and treatment for complications affecting the kidneys, liver, or nervous system.
Recovery depends on the type of virus and how severe the illness becomes. Early diagnosis and prompt medical care can improve outcomes.
