What is yellow fever?
Yellow fever is a viral infection spread by infected mosquitoes. People are most at risk when traveling to or living in areas where the disease is common, especially without vaccination or mosquito protection. It is most common in tropical parts of Africa and South America and can range from a mild illness to a serious disease affecting multiple organs.
Many people recover without long-term problems, but severe cases can become life-threatening. Vaccination and mosquito protection are the best ways to reduce the risk of infection.
Symptoms
Symptoms usually appear within several days after a mosquito bite from an infected mosquito. Early symptoms often feel similar to the flu.
Common symptoms include:
- Fever and chills
- Headache
- Muscle aches or back pain
- Nausea or vomiting
- Feeling tired or weak
In more serious cases, yellow fever can cause:
- Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
- Bleeding from the gums or nose
- Bloody urine
- Severe weakness
How is it diagnosed?
Healthcare providers diagnose yellow fever by reviewing symptoms, travel history, and possible mosquito exposure. A physical exam may help identify signs of infection or complications.
Blood tests are commonly used to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other illnesses that can cause similar symptoms.
How is it treated?
There is no specific cure for yellow fever, so treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and supporting recovery. Rest, fluids, and careful monitoring are important parts of care.
Providers may recommend medicine to reduce fever and discomfort, but aspirin and certain anti-inflammatory medicines are usually avoided because they can increase bleeding risk. Severe cases may require hospital care for dehydration, bleeding, or organ complications.
People with yellow fever should also avoid mosquito bites while sick to help prevent spreading the virus to others.
