What is Tendonitis and Tenosynovitis?
Tendonitis and tenosynovitis are conditions that affect the tissues that help your joints move. Tendonitis happens when a tendon is irritated or inflamed. Tenosynovitis occurs when the lining around a tendon becomes swollen and inflamed.
These conditions are often caused by repeated movement or strain, but they can also develop after an injury or as part of another health condition. They commonly affect the hands, wrists, elbows, shoulders, knees, and ankles.
Symptoms
Tendon problems can make everyday activities uncomfortable or difficult. Symptoms may start gradually or appear suddenly after overuse or injury.
Common symptoms include:
- Pain that gets worse with movement
- Swelling near a joint or tendon
- Tenderness when touching the area
- Stiffness or reduced range of motion
- Weakness in the affected arm, hand, or leg
- Clicking, grinding, or catching sensations
- Finger or thumb locking in trigger finger cases
Several factors can increase the risk of tendon inflammation, including:
- Repetitive work or sports motions
- Overuse from exercise or physical activity
- Sudden increases in activity levels
- Aging and natural tendon wear
- Poor posture or movement patterns
- Health conditions such as diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis
- Infection in rare cases
How is it diagnosed?
A healthcare provider will review your symptoms, medical history, and activity level before examining the affected area. They may check for swelling, tenderness, strength, and how well the joint moves.
Imaging tests such as X-rays, ultrasound, or MRI may be used to rule out other conditions or look more closely at the tendon. If infection or gout is suspected, fluid from the joint may be tested.
How is it treated?
Treatment usually begins with simple steps to reduce pain and allow the tendon to heal. Many people improve without surgery.
Common treatments include:
- Resting or modifying activities
- Ice to reduce swelling and discomfort
- Splints or braces to limit movement
- Anti-inflammatory medications
- Physical or occupational therapy
- Corticosteroid injections for persistent inflammation
If an infection is causing symptoms, antibiotics may be needed. Surgery may be recommended when severe pain, tendon damage, or long-term symptoms do not improve with other treatments.
Recovery depends on the severity of the condition and how early treatment begins. Mild cases may improve within a few weeks, while ongoing or more serious inflammation can take longer to heal.
