What Is a Concussion?

A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that results from a blow or a jolt to the head. Concussions can also form after an injury to another part of the body that causes force to the head. Concussions impair the brain’s normal functioning, with symptoms lasting anywhere from less than a day to months or longer.

Millions of mild TBIs occur in the U.S. each year, but most don’t require a visit to the hospital. Many concussions that require emergency treatment are caused by falls, motor vehicle accidents, assaults, and sports injuries. People who have had concussions before are more likely to have them again.

Symptoms of a Concussion

Common symptoms of a concussion include

• Changes in sleep patterns
• Dizziness
• Headache
• Memory problems
• Mood changes
• Severe tiredness (fatigue)
• Trouble thinking normally
• Trouble walking
• Vomiting or nausea
• Vision problems

These symptoms may occur right away or worsen over time.

How Is a Concussion Diagnosed?

To diagnose a concussion, a healthcare provider will ask you a variety of questions. It’s important that you tell your healthcare provider if you lost consciousness following the injury and report any other symptoms. They will also need to know how the injury occurred and where you hit your head.

You may also be asked questions to test your memory and be asked to perform specific tasks to show how well your brain is functioning. For more context, your healthcare provider may also ask your friends or family questions about your symptoms and the injury.

Imaging tests of your brain, such as a CT scan or MRI, may also be needed to detect problems with memory and other brain functions.

Treatment for Concussions

An essential part of treating a concussion is getting plenty of rest, both at night and during the day if needed. Your healthcare provider will likely recommend avoiding certain physical activities and sports while you recover to prevent more head trauma. They may also recommend medication if you have a headache.

Contact a healthcare provider if your symptoms don’t improve in a few days or worsen.