What is a yeast infection?

A yeast infection happens when a type of fungus called Candida grows too much in or on the body. This fungus is normally present and harmless, but certain conditions can allow it to multiply and cause symptoms.

Yeast infections can affect different areas, including the skin, mouth, genitals, and nails.

Symptoms

Symptoms can vary depending on where the infection occurs, but they often include irritation and discomfort.

Common symptoms include:

• Itching or burning
• Redness or swelling
• Rash in moist areas like skin folds
• Thick white vaginal discharge
• White patches in the mouth
• Cracked skin at the corners of the mouth
• Nail changes, such as thickening or discoloration

What causes a yeast infection?

Yeast overgrowth is often linked to changes in the body’s natural balance. Common causes and risk factors include:

• Taking antibiotics, which reduce helpful bacteria
• Warm, humid environments that encourage fungal growth
• A weakened immune system
• Diabetes, especially if not well controlled
• Hormonal changes, such as during pregnancy
• Prolonged moisture from sweat, tight clothing, or diapers
• Skin friction in areas like under the breasts or between folds

How is it diagnosed?

Your healthcare provider will begin by asking about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam helps identify signs of infection.

In some cases, a small sample from the affected area may be examined under a microscope or sent to a lab. This helps confirm that yeast is the cause and guides treatment.

How is it treated?

Treatment depends on where the infection is located and how severe it is. Most yeast infections are easy to treat.

Common treatment options include:

• Antifungal creams, powders, or ointments applied to the skin
• Vaginal creams or suppositories
• Medicated rinses or lozenges for oral infections
• Oral antifungal medications for more persistent or widespread infections

Mild infections often improve within a few days of starting treatment. More severe cases may take longer and require prescription medication.

Keeping the affected area clean and dry can also support healing and help prevent future infections.