What is West Nile Virus?
West Nile Virus is an infection spread mainly through mosquito bites. Most people who get the virus never feel sick, while others develop mild flu-like symptoms. In rare cases, the infection can affect the brain or nervous system and become serious.
Mosquitoes become infected after feeding on infected birds and can then pass the virus to humans through bites. West Nile Virus is most common during warmer months when mosquito activity is higher.
People who spend more time outdoors during mosquito season may have a higher chance of exposure. Older adults and those with weakened immune systems are at greater risk for severe illness.
Symptoms
Many people with West Nile Virus do not have symptoms. When symptoms do happen, they are often mild and improve within a few days or weeks.
Common symptoms may include:
- Fever
- Headache
- Body aches
- Fatigue
- Skin rash
- Swollen lymph nodes
A small number of people develop more serious complications involving the nervous system. Seek medical care right away if symptoms become severe.
Serious symptoms may include:
- High fever
- Severe headache
- Stiff neck
- Confusion
- Muscle weakness
- Tremors
- Seizures
- Paralysis
How is it diagnosed?
A healthcare provider will review your symptoms, medical history, and possible mosquito exposure. Blood tests can help confirm the infection by checking for antibodies related to West Nile Virus.
If severe neurological symptoms are present, additional testing may be needed. This can include a lumbar puncture, also called a spinal tap, to examine fluid around the brain and spinal cord.
How is it treated?
There is no specific medication that cures West Nile Virus. Mild cases are usually treated with rest, fluids, and over-the-counter medicines to help relieve fever and body aches.
People with severe illness may need hospital care and close monitoring. Treatment may include IV fluids, breathing support, and care to help prevent complications while the body fights the infection.
Most people recover fully, although recovery from severe neurological illness can take longer and may lead to lasting symptoms in some cases.
