What is Vulvitis?

Vulvitis is irritation or inflammation of the vulva, the outer area of the female genitals. The condition can make the skin feel itchy, sore, or sensitive. Vulvitis is common and may happen because of irritation, infection, allergies, skin conditions, or hormonal changes.

Possible causes and triggers include:

• Scented soaps, bubble baths, or hygiene products
• Laundry detergents or fabric softeners
• Tight or non-breathable clothing
• Staying in wet swimsuits for long periods
• Friction from activities like biking or horseback riding
• Vaginal sprays or douching
• Yeast infections or sexually transmitted infections
• Skin conditions such as eczema or dermatitis
• Hormonal changes related to low estrogen levels

Symptoms

Vulvitis can develop from everyday irritants, infections, or changes in the skin. Symptoms may range from mild discomfort to more noticeable irritation.

Common symptoms include:

• Itching or burning
• Redness or swelling
• Tender or sore skin
• Dry, irritated patches
• Thickened or scaly skin
• Small blisters or bumps
• Discomfort during daily activities

How is it Diagnosed?

A healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and any products or activities that may be causing irritation. A physical exam of the area is usually needed to look for signs of inflammation or infection.

Depending on your symptoms, additional testing may include:

• Urine tests
• Blood tests
• Testing for infections or sexually transmitted infections
• A pelvic exam
• A Pap test if cervical screening is needed

These tests help identify the underlying cause so the right treatment can begin.

How is it Treated?

Treatment depends on what is causing the irritation. Many people find relief by avoiding products or activities that trigger symptoms.

Common treatments may include:

• Switching to fragrance-free soaps and detergents
• Wearing loose, breathable cotton underwear
• Avoiding prolonged moisture or friction
• Warm sitz baths to soothe discomfort
• Prescription creams to reduce inflammation or itching
• Estrogen cream for irritation related to low hormone levels
• Medication to treat infections when present

Most cases improve with conservative treatment and proper skin care. If symptoms continue or return often, your provider may recommend additional evaluation to look for underlying skin conditions or chronic irritation.