What is a vestibular balance disorder?

A vestibular balance disorder affects your body’s ability to maintain balance and stability. The inner ear and brain work together to help you move and keep your balance. If this system doesn’t work right, you may feel dizzy or like the room is spinning (vertigo).

These conditions can happen at any age, but they are more common in older adults.

Symptoms and Causes

Vestibular balance disorders can feel different for each person, but they often affect your ability to stay steady and focused.

Common symptoms include:

• A spinning or whirling sensation (vertigo)
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Trouble with balance or walking
• Blurred or unstable vision
• Feeling disoriented or “off”
• Nausea or vomiting
• Frequent falls or stumbling

Possible causes include:

• Inner ear problems, such as infections or inflammation
• Loose calcium particles in the ear canals (common in BPPV)
• Head injuries or brain-related conditions
• Side effects from certain medications
• Reduced blood flow to the inner ear
• Natural aging changes

How is it diagnosed?

Diagnosing a vestibular disorder starts with a detailed conversation about your symptoms and medical history. Your provider may also perform a physical exam and refer you to an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist.

Common tests may include:

• Hearing and vision evaluations
• Balance and movement testing
• Eye movement studies (such as ENG or VNG)
• Blood tests
• Imaging, like an MRI or CT scan, if needed

These tests help rule out other conditions and pinpoint the cause of your symptoms.

How is it treated?

Treatment depends on what’s causing your symptoms, but most people begin with simple, noninvasive options.

Conservative treatments may include:

• Treating infections or underlying conditions
• Vestibular rehabilitation therapy to improve balance
• Guided head movements, such as the Epley maneuver
• Short-term medications to ease dizziness or nausea
• Lifestyle changes, like avoiding triggers or improving home safety

Advanced treatments:

• Assistive devices (like a cane or walker) for stability
• Surgery is performed in rare cases when symptoms don’t improve

Recovery varies from person to person. Many people see improvement with therapy, while others learn ways to safely manage ongoing symptoms.