What are varicose veins?
Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins that most often appear in the legs. They develop when blood doesn’t flow properly through the veins, causing it to collect and stretch the vessel walls.
While they’re usually not dangerous, they can cause discomfort and may lead to more serious vein problems over time if left untreated.
Symptoms and Causes
Varicose veins can look and feel different from person to person. Some people notice only cosmetic changes, while others experience discomfort.
Common symptoms include:
- Bulging blue or purple veins
- Aching, heavy, or tired legs
- Burning or throbbing sensations
- Swelling in the lower legs or ankles
- Itching or skin irritation around the veins
- Skin darkening or sores in more advanced cases
Varicose veins form when tiny valves inside the veins stop working properly. These valves normally keep blood moving toward the heart. When they weaken, blood can pool in the veins, causing them to enlarge.
Factors that increase your risk include:
- Getting older
- Family history of vein problems
- Pregnancy
- Excess body weight
- Standing or sitting for long periods
- Low physical activity levels
- Hormonal changes or medications
How is it diagnosed?
A healthcare provider will start with a physical exam and ask about your symptoms and medical history.
To better understand how your veins are working, they may recommend an ultrasound. This painless test shows how blood is flowing and can identify any valve problems or blockages.
How is it treated?
Treatment depends on how severe your symptoms are and how much the condition affects your daily life. Many people find relief with simple, noninvasive options.
Conservative treatments often include:
- Elevating your legs throughout the day
- Wearing compression stockings to improve circulation
- Staying active to keep blood moving
If symptoms continue or worsen, additional treatments may be recommended:
- Sclerotherapy: A solution is injected into the vein, causing it to close and fade
- Endovenous ablation: Heat is used to seal off the affected vein
- Minimally invasive procedures: Small incisions allow the removal of problem veins
- Surgery: Reserved for more severe cases
Most modern treatments are outpatient procedures with minimal downtime, allowing you to return to normal activities quickly.
