What are uterine fibroids?

Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths that form in or on the uterus. They are made of muscle and connective tissue and can vary in size. While they are common, not everyone with fibroids experiences symptoms.

Symptoms and Causes

Some people with fibroids feel no changes at all, while others may notice symptoms that affect daily life.

Common symptoms include:

• Heavy or long-lasting periods
• Bleeding between menstrual cycles
• Pelvic pain or a feeling of pressure
• Frequent need to urinate
• Lower back discomfort
• Pain during sex

Fibroids develop for reasons that aren’t fully understood, but hormones, like estrogen, play a key role in their growth.

Factors that may increase risk include:

• Being in your reproductive years
• Family history of fibroids
• Higher body weight
• High blood pressure
• African American background
• Diet patterns, including higher red meat intake

How is it diagnosed?

Fibroids are often discovered during a routine pelvic exam. If your provider suspects fibroids, imaging tests like an ultrasound are usually the next step.

In some cases, additional tests such as MRI or procedures that look inside the uterus may be used to better understand the size, number, and location of the fibroids. Blood tests may also be done if you experience heavy bleeding to determine other conditions, like anemia.

How is it treated?

Treatment depends on your symptoms, overall health, and whether you plan to become pregnant.

For mild symptoms, your provider may recommend monitoring the fibroids over time. Symptom management might include:

• Medications or hormone-based treatments
• Minimally invasive procedures
• Myomectomy
• Hysterectomy in more advanced cases

Many fibroids naturally shrink after menopause, which may reduce symptoms without the need for treatment.