What are Skull Base Tumors?
Skull base tumors are growths that develop in the area underneath the brain, where the skull forms its foundation. These tumors can begin in that region or spread there from cancer elsewhere in the body.
Because this area is close to important nerves and brain structures, even small tumors can affect how the body functions. This makes careful diagnosis and treatment especially important.
Symptoms
Symptoms depend on where the tumor is located and how it affects nearby structures. They often begin slowly and become more noticeable over time.
Common symptoms may include:
- Ongoing nasal congestion or runny nose
- Nosebleeds or trouble breathing through the nose
- Facial pressure or discomfort
- Blurred or double vision, or vision loss
- Hearing loss or ringing in the ears
- Headaches
- Nausea or vomiting
- Seizures
- Changes in thinking, memory, or behavior
- Numbness in the face or upper teeth
- Eye changes such as bulging or excessive tearing
How Is It Diagnosed?
Your provider will begin with a physical exam and review of your symptoms. Because these tumors are deep within the skull, imaging plays a key role.
You may need tests such as:
- MRI or CT scans to create detailed images of the brain and skull
- PET scans to evaluate tumor activity
- A biopsy to confirm the type of tumor
These tools help your care team understand the tumor’s size, location, and impact.
How Is It Treated?
Treatment depends on the type of tumor, its location, and your overall health. Care usually starts with the least invasive options whenever possible.
Treatment options may include:
- Surgery to remove as much of the tumor as safely possible
- Radiation therapy to target remaining tumor cells
- Chemotherapy for certain tumor types
In many cases, surgeons use advanced, minimally invasive techniques. Some procedures allow access through the nose or through very small openings in the skull. These approaches can reduce recovery time and lower the risk of complications.
Recovery varies from person to person. Your care team will guide you through each step and help you understand what to expect.
