What Is Typhoid Fever?
Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella Typhi. The infection spreads when someone eats or drinks something contaminated with the bacteria. Risk may increase when traveling to areas with limited access to clean water or proper sanitation.
People can sometimes continue carrying the bacteria after recovery, even if they no longer feel sick. This can allow the infection to spread to others.
Although typhoid fever is uncommon in the United States, it can affect people who travel to parts of the world where the disease is more common. Early treatment is important to help prevent complications.
Symptoms
Typhoid fever symptoms usually develop gradually after exposure to the bacteria. Common signs may include:
- High fever
- Weakness or extreme tiredness
- Stomach pain
- Headache
- Loss of appetite
- Diarrhea or constipation
- Nausea or vomiting
- A faint pink rash in some people
How Is It Diagnosed?
A healthcare provider will review your symptoms, medical history, and any recent travel. Blood or stool tests are commonly used to look for the bacteria that cause typhoid fever.
In some situations, additional testing may be needed if symptoms are severe or the diagnosis is unclear.
How Is It Treated?
Typhoid fever is usually treated with antibiotics to clear the infection. It is important to take the medication exactly as prescribed, even if symptoms improve.
Supportive care may also include:
- Drinking plenty of fluids
- Rest
- Managing fever and discomfort
Severe cases may require hospital care, especially if complications develop. Follow-up testing may be recommended to make sure the bacteria are no longer present.
Good handwashing habits are also important to help prevent spreading the infection to others.
