What is thrombosis?
Thrombosis happens when a blood clot forms inside a blood vessel and blocks normal blood flow. Thrombosis occurs in either the veins or the arteries, affecting how blood flows through your body. When circulation is disrupted, it can lead to serious health concerns if not treated promptly.
Common causes and risk factors include:
- Long periods of sitting or bed rest
- Recent surgery or injury
- Smoking or excess weight
- Pregnancy or hormone-based medications
- Family history of clotting disorders
- Chronic conditions like heart disease or cancer
- High blood pressure, high cholesterol, or diabetes
Symptoms
Symptoms can vary depending on where the clot forms, but they often appear suddenly and should not be ignored.
Common symptoms include:
- Pain or tenderness in a leg, often in the calf
- Swelling in an arm or leg
- Chest discomfort or trouble breathing
- Weakness, numbness, or difficulty speaking
- Sudden confusion or changes in awareness
- A limb that feels cold or looks pale
How is it diagnosed?
Your provider will begin with a physical exam and a review of your symptoms and medical history. Imaging tests are often used to confirm a clot and find its location.
Common diagnostic tools include:
- Ultrasound
- Blood tests
- Imaging such as CT scans or MRIs
- Angiography
How is it treated?
Treatment focuses on stopping the clot from growing and preventing new ones from forming.
Most people are treated with blood-thinning medications. In more serious cases, clot-dissolving drugs or minimally invasive procedures may be needed to remove or break up the clot. Devices such as stents can help keep blood vessels open, and surgery may be recommended for severe blockages.
Recovery depends on where the clot occurs and how quickly treatment begins. Ongoing care may include lifestyle changes and medication to reduce the risk of future clots.
