What Is a SLAP Labral Tear?

A SLAP labral tear is an injury to the cartilage that surrounds the shoulder socket. The labrum helps keep the shoulder stable while allowing a wide range of movement.

Several injuries and activities may increase the risk of a SLAP tear, including:

• Falling onto an outstretched arm
• Heavy lifting or sudden pulling motions
• Repetitive overhead sports or work activities
• Shoulder dislocation
• Age-related wear and tear

In a SLAP tear, the top portion of the labrum becomes damaged where the biceps tendon connects to the shoulder. This type of injury can make lifting, reaching, or throwing painful and difficult.

Symptoms

SLAP tears can happen suddenly from an injury or develop gradually from repeated shoulder use.

Common symptoms include:

• Shoulder pain
• Pain with overhead movement
• Clicking or popping in the shoulder
• Weakness or instability
• Limited range of motion
• Difficulty throwing or lifting objects

How Is It Diagnosed?

Healthcare providers diagnose a SLAP tear by reviewing symptoms and examining how the shoulder moves. Specific movement tests may help identify pain or instability in the joint.

Imaging tests may include:

• X-rays to rule out fractures or other problems
• MRI scans to examine soft tissues
• CT scans in certain cases

These tests help determine the extent of the injury and whether other shoulder structures are involved.

How Is It Treated?

Treatment usually begins with conservative care focused on reducing pain and improving shoulder strength.

Non-surgical treatment may include:

• Rest and activity changes
• Anti-inflammatory medicines
• Physical therapy
• Steroid injections to reduce inflammation

Physical therapy often helps strengthen the muscles around the shoulder to improve stability and movement.

If symptoms continue or the tear is severe, arthroscopic surgery may be recommended to repair the damaged labrum. Recovery can take several months and usually includes rehabilitation exercises to restore strength and flexibility.