What Are Simple Kidney Cysts?
Simple kidney cysts are fluid-filled sacs that form in or on the kidneys. They are common, especially as people get older, and most are harmless.
Risk factors may include:
- Aging
- Male sex
- Chronic kidney disease
- Certain inherited kidney conditions
In many cases, these cysts do not cause symptoms or affect how the kidneys work. They are often discovered during imaging tests performed for another medical reason.
Symptoms
Most simple kidney cysts do not cause noticeable problems. However, larger cysts or infected cysts can sometimes lead to symptoms.
Possible symptoms may include:
- Pain in the back, side, or upper abdomen
- Blood in the urine
- Fever or chills
- Difficulty urinating
- High blood pressure
- A feeling of fullness or pressure in the abdomen
The exact cause of simple kidney cysts is not fully understood. Experts believe they may develop when small structures inside the kidneys become blocked or weakened over time.
How Are They Diagnosed?
Simple kidney cysts are commonly found during imaging tests such as ultrasounds, CT scans, or MRI scans. These tests help providers determine the size, shape, and appearance of the cyst.
Healthcare providers also use imaging to tell the difference between simple and complex cysts. In some cases, additional testing may be recommended if multiple cysts or inherited kidney disorders are suspected.
How Are They Treated?
Most simple kidney cysts do not require treatment. Providers may recommend periodic imaging to monitor the cyst over time.
If a cyst causes pain, infection, or blockage of urine flow, treatment options may include:
- Draining the cyst with a needle
- Sclerotherapy to help prevent fluid from returning
- Surgical removal or drainage
- Antibiotics for infected cysts
Many people continue normal daily activities without complications.
