What is scoliosis?

Scoliosis is a condition where the spine curves instead of remaining straight. In some cases, the spine also twists, which can make the body look uneven. It can affect different parts of the back and may appear during childhood, adolescence, or later in life.

In most cases, the exact cause isn’t known. Other possible causes include:

• Age-related wear and tear on the spine
• Conditions present at birth that affect spinal development
• Muscle or nerve disorders
• Injuries or infections affecting the spine
• Differences in leg length or temporary inflammation

Symptoms

Scoliosis often develops gradually and may not cause pain early on. Many people first notice changes in posture or body alignment.

Common signs include:

• One shoulder sitting higher than the other
• Uneven hips or waistline
• Head appearing slightly off-center
• One shoulder blade is more prominent than the other
• Arms hanging unevenly at the sides
• A noticeable difference in back shape when bending forward

How is it diagnosed?

A healthcare provider will begin with a physical exam and ask about symptoms and medical history. They may check posture, spine alignment, and how the back looks during movement.

X-rays are the main test used to confirm scoliosis and measure the degree of curvature. In some cases, additional imaging, like MRI or CT scans, may be recommended to look for underlying causes.

How is it treated?

Treatment depends on how severe the curve is and whether it is getting worse over time.

Common treatment options include:

• Monitoring with regular checkups to track changes in the curve of the spine
• Bracing
• Surgery

The goal of treatment is to prevent the curve from progressing and to support healthy spinal alignment.