What Is Scleroderma?
Scleroderma is a long-term autoimmune disease that causes the body to produce too much collagen, a protein found in connective tissue. This can lead to thickening and hardening of the skin and may also affect internal organs.
The exact cause of scleroderma is still not fully understood. Risk factors may include:
- Female sex
- Family history of autoimmune disease
- Genetic and environmental influences
Some people have mild symptoms limited to one area of the body, while others develop more widespread disease called systemic sclerosis. The condition can affect movement, circulation, digestion, breathing, and overall quality of life.
Symptoms
Scleroderma symptoms can develop slowly and may affect different parts of the body over time.
Common symptoms include:
- Tight or thickened skin
- Swollen fingers or hands
- Joint pain or stiffness
- Cold, pale, or numb fingers (Raynaud’s phenomenon)
- Heartburn or trouble swallowing
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue
- Skin sores or calcium deposits beneath the skin
How Is It Diagnosed?
Healthcare providers diagnose scleroderma by reviewing symptoms, examining the skin and joints, and checking for signs of organ involvement.
Testing may include:
- Blood tests for specific antibodies
- X-rays or CT scans
- Electrocardiogram (ECG)
- Echocardiogram
- Lung function testing
These tests help determine how the disease is affecting the body and guide treatment planning.
How Is It Treated?
There is no cure for scleroderma, but treatment can help manage symptoms and slow disease progression.
Treatment options may include:
- Medicines to reduce immune system activity
- Treatments for heartburn or circulation problems
- Physical or occupational therapy
- Exercise programs to maintain flexibility and strength
- Monitoring for lung, kidney, or heart complications
Because scleroderma can affect multiple organs, many patients benefit from care provided by several medical specialists working together.
Living with scleroderma often requires long-term care and regular follow-up visits to help manage symptoms and protect overall health.
