What Is Rumination Syndrome?

Rumination syndrome is a digestive disorder that causes recently eaten food to come back up into the mouth soon after eating. The food is usually undigested and may be rechewed, swallowed again, or spit out.

Experts believe rumination syndrome develops from an unconscious muscle reflex involving the diaphragm and digestive tract. The exact cause is not fully understood, but the condition can affect both children and adults.

This condition is not the same as vomiting. The regurgitation happens automatically as part of a learned reflex involving the digestive muscles and diaphragm.

Symptoms

Symptoms of rumination syndrome often happen after meals and may occur repeatedly throughout the day. Many people are initially diagnosed with other digestive conditions before rumination syndrome is recognized.

Common symptoms may include:

• Regurgitation of undigested food
• Food returning shortly after meals
• Food that tastes normal rather than acidic
• Repeated regurgitation episodes
• Mild weight loss
• Stomach discomfort or pressure
• Irritation of the esophagus in some cases

How Is It Diagnosed?

Healthcare providers diagnose rumination syndrome by reviewing symptoms and ruling out other digestive disorders. They may ask detailed questions about when symptoms occur and what the regurgitated food tastes like.

Because the condition can resemble acid reflux or vomiting disorders, providers may evaluate for conditions such as GERD or delayed stomach emptying before confirming the diagnosis.

How Is It Treated?

Treatment focuses on retraining the body’s breathing and digestive patterns. The most common treatment is diaphragmatic breathing therapy, which helps interrupt the regurgitation reflex during and after meals.

Treatment options may include:

• Diaphragmatic breathing exercises
• Behavioral therapy
• Habit retraining techniques
• Support from behavioral health specialists

Many people improve with consistent practice and guidance from trained providers. Medications are usually not the primary treatment for rumination syndrome.