What Is a Rotator Cuff Injury?
The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that help keep the shoulder stable and allow the arm to move smoothly. A rotator cuff injury happens when these tissues become irritated, strained, or torn.
Common causes and risk factors include:
- Repetitive overhead movements
- Sports or work activities involving the shoulder
- Falls or sudden injuries
- Age-related wear and tear
- Repeated strain over time
These injuries are a common cause of shoulder pain and can make everyday activities like lifting, reaching, or getting dressed more difficult.
Symptoms
Rotator cuff injuries may happen suddenly after an accident or develop slowly over time from repeated shoulder use.
Common symptoms include:
- Shoulder pain that comes and goes
- Pain when lifting the arm overhead
- Weakness in the shoulder or arm
- Trouble reaching behind the back
- Reduced range of motion
- Pain while sleeping on the affected side
- Clicking, popping, or grinding sensations
How Is It Diagnosed?
Healthcare providers diagnose rotator cuff injuries by reviewing symptoms, examining shoulder movement, and testing strength.
Imaging tests may include:
- X-rays to look at bones and joint changes
- MRI scans to evaluate muscles and tendons
- Ultrasound imaging in some cases
These tests help determine whether the injury involves inflammation, a partial tear, or a complete tendon tear.
How Is It Treated?
Treatment depends on the severity of the injury and how much shoulder function is affected.
Conservative treatment often includes:
- Rest and activity changes
- Ice and anti-inflammatory medicine
- Physical therapy exercises
- Stretching and strengthening programs
- Corticosteroid injections for pain relief
If symptoms do not improve or the tendon is severely torn, surgery may be recommended to repair the rotator cuff.
Many people recover successfully with physical therapy and guided rehabilitation. Recovery after surgery may take several months, depending on the extent of the injury.
