What Is Rhinitis?
Rhinitis is irritation or inflammation inside the nose that can cause congestion, sneezing, itching, and a runny nose. Allergic rhinitis develops when the immune system reacts to allergens such as pollen, pet dander, mold, or dust mites.
Nonallergic rhinitis may be triggered by:
- Smoke or strong odors
- Weather changes
- Viral illnesses
- Certain medications
- Hormonal changes
- Spicy foods or irritants
Some people have symptoms only during certain seasons, while others experience problems throughout the year. Rhinitis can also affect the eyes, throat, and ears.
Symptoms
Rhinitis symptoms can range from mild to bothersome and may interfere with sleep, breathing, or daily activities.
Common symptoms include:
- Sneezing
- Stuffy nose
- Runny nose
- Itchy nose, throat, or eyes
- Postnasal drip
- Watery eyes
- Mouth breathing
- Snoring
- Occasional nosebleeds
How Is It Diagnosed?
Healthcare providers diagnose rhinitis by reviewing symptoms, medical history, and possible triggers. A physical exam of the nose, throat, and eyes can help identify signs of irritation or inflammation.
If allergies are suspected, allergy testing may be recommended. Your provider may also evaluate for related conditions such as asthma or sinus problems.
How Is It Treated?
Treatment depends on the type of rhinitis and what is causing symptoms. Avoiding triggers is often one of the most effective ways to reduce flare-ups.
Treatment options may include:
- Antihistamines
- Nasal corticosteroid sprays
- Saline nasal rinses
- Short-term decongestants
- Allergy shots for ongoing allergies
- Managing related asthma or sinus conditions
Simple lifestyle changes, such as using air filters, limiting exposure to smoke, and keeping indoor spaces clean, may also help improve symptoms.
