What is rheumatic heart disease?
Rheumatic heart disease is a condition that damages the heart’s valves. It develops after rheumatic fever, which can happen when a strep throat infection is not treated properly. Over time, this damage can make it harder for blood to flow through the heart the way it should.
Causes and risk factors:
- Untreated or partially treated strep throat or scarlet fever
- Repeated strep infections
- History of rheumatic fever
- Most often affects children and teens, but damage can appear later in life
Symptoms
This condition begins with an infection and may not cause heart symptoms right away. Early signs are often related to rheumatic fever.
Symptoms may include:
- Fever and fatigue
- Painful, swollen joints
- Skin rash or small lumps under the skin
- Shortness of breath
- Chest discomfort
- Uncontrolled body movements
As heart valve damage develops, symptoms may change and include:
- Trouble breathing, especially during activity or when lying down
- Chest pain
- Swelling in the legs or abdomen
How is it diagnosed?
Your provider will start by asking about recent illnesses, especially strep throat. A physical exam may reveal abnormal heart sounds due to valve problems. Common tests include:
- An echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart)
- An electrocardiogram (ECG)
- Chest imaging
- Blood tests
How is it treated?
Treatment focuses on preventing further damage and managing symptoms.
Early and ongoing care may include:
- Antibiotics to treat or prevent strep infections
- Long-term antibiotics to reduce the risk of repeat illness
- Medications to lower inflammation
- Medicines to support heart function
- Repairing the affected valve
- Replacing the valve with surgery
With proper treatment, many people can manage symptoms and maintain their quality of life.
