What Is Restrictive Cardiomyopathy?
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare condition that affects the heart muscle. In this condition, the walls of the heart become stiff and are unable to relax normally between heartbeats.
RCM can develop from several underlying conditions that affect the heart muscle. Possible causes include:
- Amyloidosis
- Iron overload disorders
- Sarcoidosis
- Scleroderma
- Previous radiation treatment to the chest
- Inherited genetic conditions
In some people, the exact cause is never identified.
Because the heart cannot fill with blood as easily, less blood is pumped to the body. Over time, this can lead to fluid buildup, abnormal heart rhythms, and heart failure.
Symptoms
Symptoms of restrictive cardiomyopathy may appear gradually and often become more noticeable as the condition progresses.
Common symptoms include:
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue or weakness
- Swelling in the legs, ankles, or abdomen
- Trouble breathing when lying flat
- Lightheadedness or fainting
- Irregular heartbeat or palpitations
- Reduced ability to exercise
- Persistent cough in some cases
How Is It Diagnosed?
Healthcare providers diagnose restrictive cardiomyopathy using a combination of physical examination, imaging, and heart function testing.
Tests may include:
- Electrocardiogram (ECG)
- Echocardiogram
- Blood tests
- Cardiac MRI
- Heart rhythm monitoring
- Cardiac catheterization in some cases
These tests help evaluate how well the heart fills and pumps blood and whether other conditions may be contributing to symptoms.
How Is It Treated?
Treatment focuses on improving symptoms, supporting heart function, and managing the underlying cause when possible.
Treatment options may include:
- Diuretics to reduce fluid buildup
- Medicines to control heart rate or rhythm
- Blood thinners for some abnormal heart rhythms
- Lifestyle changes such as limiting salt intake
- Monitoring physical activity and symptoms carefully
In advanced cases, heart transplant may be considered.
Regular follow-up care is important because restrictive cardiomyopathy can worsen over time. Early treatment may help reduce complications and improve daily quality of life.
