What Is Restless Legs Syndrome?

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological condition that causes uncomfortable sensations in the legs and a strong urge to move them. Symptoms often happen during periods of rest, especially in the evening or at bedtime.

The exact cause of RLS is not fully known. In some cases, it may run in families. Several conditions and factors have been linked to RLS, including:

• Iron deficiency
• Pregnancy
• Diabetes-related nerve damage
• Kidney disease
• Certain medications
• Poor sleep habits
• Caffeine, alcohol, and tobacco may also make symptoms worse

Moving the legs may bring temporary relief, but symptoms often return once the body is still again. Because of this, RLS commonly affects sleep and can lead to daytime fatigue.

Symptoms

People with restless legs syndrome describe symptoms in different ways, but the sensations are usually uncomfortable and difficult to ignore.

Common symptoms include:

• Tingling or crawling feelings in the legs
• Pulling, aching, or throbbing sensations
• Strong urge to move the legs
• Symptoms that worsen while sitting or lying down
• Increased discomfort at night
• Temporary relief with movement
• Trouble falling asleep or staying asleep
• Daytime tiredness

How Is It Diagnosed?

Healthcare providers diagnose restless legs syndrome based mainly on symptoms, medical history, and a physical exam.

Your provider may ask questions about:

• When symptoms occur
• What relieves discomfort
• Sleep quality
• Family history

Blood tests may be used to check iron levels or other health conditions that could contribute to symptoms. In some cases, a sleep study may also be recommended.

How Is It Treated?

Treatment for RLS focuses on reducing symptoms, improving sleep, and addressing underlying causes when possible.

Treatment options may include:

• Improving sleep habits
• Regular moderate exercise
• Limiting caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine
• Iron supplements if iron levels are low
• Medications that help control nerve and muscle symptoms

Managing related health conditions may also help reduce flare-ups and improve sleep quality.

Many people find that a combination of lifestyle changes and medical treatment helps them better manage symptoms over time.