What is Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis is a form of MS that comes and goes in cycles. People experience periods when symptoms suddenly worsen, followed by times when they improve or partially go away.
This condition affects the brain and spinal cord. While the exact cause of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis isn’t fully understood, several factors may increase risk:
- Family history of MS
- Certain viral infections
- Smoking
- Environmental influences
Symptoms
Symptoms can vary from person to person and appear during flare-ups. Between these episodes, you may feel better, but some symptoms can remain. Common symptoms include:
- Blurred or double vision
- Ongoing fatigue
- Numbness or tingling in the limbs
- Muscle weakness or trouble with balancing
- Difficulty focusing or thinking clearly
- Mood changes, including depression
- Sudden need to urinate
- Sensitivity to heat
How is it diagnosed?
Diagnosing MS takes careful evaluation. Your provider will review your symptoms and perform a neurological exam to assess movement, vision, and balance.
Imaging tests, like MRI scans, help identify areas of nerve damage. Additional tests, such as blood tests, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, or nerve conduction studies, may be used to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.
How is it treated?
While there is no cure, treatment focuses on managing symptoms and slowing the progression of the disease.
Treatment often starts with medications that help reduce inflammation and limit future flare-ups. During a relapse, corticosteroids may be used to ease symptoms. In more severe cases, plasma exchange therapy may be considered.
Other treatments may include:
- Medications for fatigue, muscle stiffness, or bladder concerns
- Physical therapy to improve strength and movement
- Healthy lifestyle habits, including regular activity and good sleep
- Avoiding triggers like overheating
