What Is Pulmonary Sarcoidosis?
Pulmonary sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease that causes tiny clusters of immune cells, called granulomas, to form in the lungs. These clusters can affect how the lungs work and may make breathing more difficult over time.
Sarcoidosis can affect other organs in the body as well, including the skin, eyes, lymph nodes, and heart. In some people, symptoms are mild or may go away on their own, while others develop long-term lung problems.
The exact cause of pulmonary sarcoidosis is unknown. Experts believe the condition may involve an abnormal immune response triggered by environmental or genetic factors.
Symptoms
Some people with pulmonary sarcoidosis do not notice symptoms right away. Others may develop breathing problems or symptoms affecting different parts of the body.
Common symptoms may include:
- Shortness of breath
- Dry cough that does not go away
- Chest discomfort
- Wheezing
- Fatigue
- Fever or night sweats
- Joint pain
- Skin rashes or lumps
- Eye irritation or blurred vision
- Weight loss
How Is It Diagnosed?
Healthcare providers diagnose pulmonary sarcoidosis using a combination of imaging tests, breathing tests, and laboratory studies. A review of symptoms and medical history is also important.
Chest X-rays and CT scans can help identify inflammation or granulomas in the lungs. Pulmonary function tests measure how well the lungs move air. In many cases, a bronchoscopy or lung biopsy is used to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.
How Is It Treated?
Treatment depends on how severe the disease is and whether symptoms are affecting lung function or other organs. Some people with mild disease may only need regular monitoring.
For more active disease, providers often prescribe corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. Other immune-suppressing medications may be recommended if symptoms continue or steroids are not enough.
Pulmonary rehabilitation, exercise, and oxygen therapy may help improve breathing and daily function. In rare severe cases, lung transplantation may be considered.
