What Is Psoriatic Arthritis?

Psoriatic arthritis is a type of inflammatory arthritis linked to psoriasis, a chronic skin condition that causes red, scaly patches on the skin. The disease can affect joints, tendons, and sometimes the spine.

Some people develop joint symptoms after psoriasis appears, while others may notice arthritis symptoms first. Without treatment, inflammation can lead to joint damage over time.

The exact cause of psoriatic arthritis is not fully understood. Experts believe the immune system, genetics, and environmental triggers all play a role. People with psoriasis or a family history of the condition have a higher risk.

Symptoms

Psoriatic arthritis symptoms can range from mild to severe and may come and go in flare-ups. The condition often affects the fingers, toes, knees, ankles, or lower back.

Common symptoms may include:

• Joint pain and swelling
• Morning stiffness
• Swollen fingers or toes
• Fatigue
• Lower back pain
• Reduced movement in affected joints
• Nail changes such as pitting or thickening
• Red, scaly skin patches

How Is It Diagnosed?

Healthcare providers diagnose psoriatic arthritis by reviewing symptoms, medical history, and skin and joint changes. A physical exam can help identify swelling, tenderness, or reduced movement.

Blood tests may be used to check for inflammation and rule out other forms of arthritis. Imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI, or ultrasound can help evaluate joint damage and inflammation.

How Is It Treated?

Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation, protecting joints, and improving daily function. Early treatment is important to help prevent long-term joint damage.

Providers may recommend anti-inflammatory medicines, disease-modifying medications (DMARDs), or biologic therapies to control the immune response. Physical therapy, exercise, and occupational therapy can also help improve flexibility and strength.

Heat and cold therapy, healthy lifestyle habits, and treatment for psoriasis skin symptoms may also be part of a long-term care plan. In severe cases, surgery may be considered to repair damaged joints.