What Is Psoriasis?
Psoriasis is a long-term skin condition that causes skin cells to build up too quickly. This leads to thick, inflamed patches of skin that may appear red, dry, itchy, or scaly.
Psoriasis can affect many parts of the body, including the scalp, elbows, knees, lower back, and nails. It is an autoimmune condition, which means the immune system mistakenly triggers rapid skin cell growth.
Researchers do not fully understand what causes psoriasis, but immune system activity and genetics both play a role. Triggers such as stress, infections, smoking, alcohol use, skin injuries, and certain medications may increase flare-ups.
Symptoms
Psoriasis symptoms can range from mild irritation to widespread skin discomfort. Many people experience periods when symptoms improve, followed by flare-ups.
Common symptoms may include:
- Raised red patches of skin
- Dry or silvery scales
- Itching or burning
- Cracked or sore skin
- Thickened or pitted nails
- Joint pain or stiffness
How Is It Diagnosed?
Healthcare providers usually diagnose psoriasis by examining the skin, scalp, and nails and reviewing symptoms and medical history.
In some cases, a skin biopsy may be needed to confirm the diagnosis or rule out other skin conditions that can look similar.
How Is It Treated?
Although there is no cure for psoriasis, many treatments can help reduce inflammation, slow skin cell growth, and relieve symptoms.
Treatment often starts with moisturizers and medicated creams. Providers may also recommend topical steroids, vitamin D products, or phototherapy using controlled ultraviolet light.
For moderate or severe psoriasis, oral medications or biologic therapies may help control immune system activity. Lifestyle changes such as stress management, smoking cessation, healthy skin care, and maintaining a healthy weight can also support symptom control.
Many people successfully manage psoriasis with long-term treatment and regular follow-up care.
