What Is Prostatitis?

Prostatitis is inflammation or irritation of the prostate gland. The prostate is a small gland located below the bladder that helps produce semen.

This condition can affect men of any age and may develop suddenly or over time. Some forms are caused by bacterial infections, while others may be linked to chronic inflammation or pelvic muscle problems.

Bacterial infections are a common cause of prostatitis, especially acute prostatitis. Risk factors may include urinary tract infections, enlarged prostate, recent catheter use, pelvic injury, or problems affecting the urinary tract.

Symptoms

Prostatitis symptoms can range from mild discomfort to severe pain and urinary problems. Some men experience symptoms that come and go over time.

Common symptoms may include:

• Frequent urination
• Burning or pain while urinating
• Difficulty emptying the bladder
• Pain in the pelvis, groin, lower back, or genital area
• Painful ejaculation
• Fever and chills with bacterial infections
• Reduced urine flow
• Fatigue or body aches

How Is It Diagnosed?

Healthcare providers diagnose prostatitis by reviewing symptoms, medical history, and urinary health. A physical exam, including a digital rectal exam, may help evaluate the prostate gland.

Testing may include urine or semen samples to check for infection or inflammation. In some cases, providers may recommend imaging tests, cystoscopy, or additional studies to rule out other conditions affecting the urinary tract.

How Is It Treated?

Treatment depends on the type of prostatitis and the severity of symptoms. Bacterial prostatitis is commonly treated with antibiotics, often for several weeks.

Providers may also recommend pain relievers, anti-inflammatory medicines, or medications that relax muscles around the bladder and prostate. Warm baths, heat therapy, hydration, and pelvic floor therapy may help relieve discomfort in chronic cases.

Most men improve with treatment, though some chronic forms may require ongoing symptom management and follow-up care.