What Is Progressive Supranuclear Palsy?
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare brain disorder that affects movement, balance, vision, speech, and swallowing. The condition develops when certain brain cells slowly become damaged over time.
PSP is sometimes confused with Parkinson disease because the symptoms can look similar early on. However, PSP more commonly causes problems with eye movement and balance, especially frequent backward falls.
The exact cause of PSP is not fully understood. Researchers believe it is related to abnormal changes in brain cells and buildup of a protein called tau. PSP most often affects adults over age 60 and is slightly more common in men.
Symptoms
Symptoms of PSP usually begin gradually and become more noticeable over time. Many people first experience trouble with walking or balance.
Common symptoms may include:
- Frequent falls, often backward
- Stiff or slow movements
- Difficulty moving the eyes or looking downward
- Blurred or double vision
- Slurred speech
- Trouble swallowing
- Changes in mood or behavior
- Memory or thinking problems
- Fatigue
How Is It Diagnosed?
Diagnosing PSP can be challenging because symptoms may resemble Parkinson disease or other neurological conditions. Healthcare providers begin with a neurological exam and review of symptoms and medical history.
Providers carefully evaluate balance, walking, coordination, speech, and eye movements. Brain imaging tests such as MRI may also help rule out other conditions.
How Is It Treated?
There is currently no cure for PSP, but treatment can help manage symptoms and improve daily function.
Medications may help with stiffness, movement, or mood symptoms in some people. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy can support mobility, communication, and swallowing.
Providers may also recommend prism glasses for vision problems and walking aids to help prevent falls. In advanced cases, nutrition support or a feeding tube may be needed if swallowing becomes difficult.
Ongoing care and safety planning are important as symptoms progress over time.
