What is Primary Ovarian Insufficiency?

Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) happens when the ovaries stop working as expected before age 40. This means they may not release eggs regularly or produce typical levels of hormones, like estrogen.

Unlike menopause, ovarian activity may still occur at times, and some people continue to have occasional periods.

 POI develops when the ovaries lose normal function or hormone production. This may happen for several reasons, including:

• Autoimmune conditions that affect the ovaries
• Genetic conditions present from birth
• Hormone signaling problems
• Past treatments like chemotherapy or radiation
• Thyroid disease or certain infections

In many cases, no clear cause is found.

Symptoms

POI can affect each person differently. Some notice clear changes, while others have few symptoms.

Common symptoms include:

• Irregular or missed periods
• Trouble becoming pregnant
• Hot flashes or night sweats
• Vaginal dryness or discomfort during sex
• Lower sex drive
• Mood changes, such as irritability

How is it diagnosed?

Your healthcare provider will begin by asking about your menstrual history and symptoms. A physical and pelvic exam may also be done.

Blood tests are an important part of diagnosis. These tests measure hormone levels, especially follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which is often higher in people with POI.

Additional testing may include:

• Thyroid or other hormone testing
• Pregnancy testing
• Genetic or autoimmune screening
• Bone density testing to check for bone loss

How is it treated?

Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and protecting long-term health.

Common treatment options include:

• Hormone therapy (estrogen and sometimes progesterone) to replace what the body is not making
• Care for underlying conditions, such as thyroid disorders
• Calcium and vitamin D support to help maintain bone strength
• Lifestyle changes like regular exercise and avoiding smoking

If pregnancy is a goal, your provider may discuss options such as fertility medications or using donor eggs. While fertility is often reduced, pregnancy can still happen in some cases.

Why choose Kettering Health?

At Kettering Health, our providers take a personalized approach to hormonal and reproductive health. We work closely with you to understand your symptoms, support your long-term wellness, and guide you through treatment options with compassion and expertise.