What Is Poliomyelitis?
Poliomyelitis, commonly called polio, is a viral infection that can affect the nervous system. In severe cases, it may damage nerves that control muscles and movement.
Thanks to vaccination, polio is now rare in many parts of the world. However, the disease still exists in some areas and can spread where vaccination rates are low.
Symptoms
Many people infected with polio never develop symptoms. Others may experience mild flu-like illness, while severe infections can lead to muscle weakness or paralysis.
Symptoms may include:
- Fever
- Sore throat
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Nausea or vomiting
- Muscle aches
- Neck or back stiffness
- Weakness
- Difficulty swallowing
- Trouble breathing
How Is It Diagnosed?
Healthcare providers diagnose polio by reviewing symptoms, medical history, and possible exposure to the virus.
Testing may include:
- Stool testing
- Throat cultures
- Blood tests
- Cerebrospinal fluid testing
These tests help confirm the presence of the poliovirus and evaluate how the infection is affecting the body.
How Is It Treated?
There is no cure for polio, so treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and supporting recovery.
Treatment may include:
- Pain-relief medications
- Rest and hydration
- Physical therapy
- Occupational therapy
- Breathing support in severe cases
- Assistive devices for mobility
Vaccination remains the best protection against polio and has helped prevent millions of infections worldwide.
Some people who recover from polio may later develop post-polio syndrome, which can cause muscle weakness and fatigue years after the original infection.
