What Is a Pheochromocytoma?
A pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor that develops in the adrenal glands, which are located above the kidneys. These glands make hormones that help control blood pressure, heart rate, and the body’s response to stress.
When a pheochromocytoma develops, the adrenal gland may release too much adrenaline-like hormone into the bloodstream. This can lead to sudden or ongoing episodes of high blood pressure and other symptoms.
The exact cause of pheochromocytoma is not fully understood. In some people, the condition is linked to inherited genetic syndromes or family history.
Symptoms
Symptoms of pheochromocytoma are caused by excess stress hormones in the body. Some people experience symptoms all the time, while others have sudden episodes.
Common symptoms include:
- High blood pressure
- Severe headaches
- Rapid heartbeat or palpitations
- Sweating
- Tremors or shaking
- Anxiety or panic-like feelings
- Nausea or vomiting
- Pale or clammy skin
How Is It Diagnosed?
Healthcare providers diagnose pheochromocytoma by reviewing symptoms, checking blood pressure, and ordering tests to measure hormone levels.
Testing may include:
- Blood tests
- Urine tests
- CT scan
- MRI
- Specialized nuclear imaging scans
- Genetic testing in some cases
These tests help locate the tumor and determine whether it may be linked to an inherited condition.
How Is It Treated?
Surgery is the most common treatment for pheochromocytoma. Before surgery, medications are usually prescribed to help control blood pressure and protect the heart during treatment.
Treatment may include:
- Blood pressure medications
- Medicines to control heart rate
- Surgical removal of the tumor
- Ongoing monitoring after surgery
Most pheochromocytomas are not cancerous, and many people recover well after treatment. Regular follow-up visits can help monitor for recurrence or related health concerns.
