What Are Parathyroid Tumors?
Parathyroid tumors are abnormal growths that develop in the parathyroid glands, which are small glands located near the thyroid in the neck. These glands help control calcium levels in the body by producing parathyroid hormone.
The exact cause of parathyroid tumors is not fully understood. Factors that may increase risk include:
- Family history of parathyroid disease
- Inherited endocrine conditions such as MEN syndromes
- Prior radiation exposure to the neck area
Most parathyroid tumors are not cancerous. However, they can still cause health problems by raising calcium levels in the blood, which may affect the bones, kidneys, muscles, and nervous system.
Symptoms
Symptoms are often linked to high calcium levels in the bloodstream. Some people notice only mild symptoms, while others may develop more serious complications over time.
Common symptoms include:
- Fatigue or weakness
- Bone or joint pain
- Kidney stones
- Frequent urination
- Increased thirst
- Constipation
- Nausea
- Mood changes or depression
- Memory problems or confusion
- Trouble sleeping
- Hoarseness or trouble swallowing
- A lump in the neck in rare cases
How Is It Diagnosed?
Healthcare providers diagnose parathyroid tumors using blood tests, imaging, and a physical exam. Blood testing is important for checking calcium and parathyroid hormone levels.
Imaging tests may include:
- Ultrasound
- CT scan
- MRI
- Sestamibi scan
These tests help locate abnormal glands and guide treatment planning.
How Is It Treated?
Treatment depends on whether the tumor is benign or cancerous, as well as the severity of symptoms and calcium levels.
Many people are treated with surgery to remove the affected gland. Surgery is often successful in lowering calcium levels and improving symptoms.
Other treatments may include:
- Medicines to help control calcium levels
- Monitoring for mild cases
- Radiation therapy in some cancer cases
After treatment, regular follow-up visits and blood tests help monitor calcium levels and overall recovery.
