What Is Sleepwalking?
Sleepwalking is a sleep disorder that causes a person to walk or perform other activities while still asleep. These episodes happen during deep non-REM sleep, most often in the early part of the night.
A person who is sleepwalking may seem awake, but they are actually asleep and may not remember the episode afterward. Sleepwalking is more common in children, though adults can experience it as well.
Several factors may increase the risk of sleepwalking, including sleep deprivation, stress, alcohol use, certain medications, and other sleep disorders. Family history can also play a role.
Symptoms
Sleepwalking can involve a range of behaviors, from simply sitting up in bed to moving around the house. Episodes may last only a few minutes or continue longer.
Common symptoms include:
- Walking during sleep
- Talking, mumbling, or shouting while asleep
- Difficulty waking up
- Confusion after waking
- Blank staring
- Little or no memory of the event
- Performing routine activities while asleep
How Is It Diagnosed?
Healthcare providers usually diagnose sleepwalking by reviewing symptoms, sleep habits, and medical history. They may ask family members or caregivers to describe what happens during episodes.
In some cases, additional testing or a sleep study may be recommended to rule out other sleep disorders or medical conditions.
How Is It Treated?
Treatment depends on how often sleepwalking happens and whether it creates safety concerns. Many people improve by making simple changes to their sleep routine.
Treatment and prevention strategies may include:
- Keeping a regular sleep schedule
- Creating a calm bedtime routine
- Reducing stress
- Avoiding alcohol before bedtime
- Limiting screen time at night
- Treating related sleep conditions
For frequent or severe episodes, medications or behavioral therapies may be recommended.
Making the home safer is also important. Removing sharp objects, securing doors and windows, and blocking stairways can help reduce the risk of injury.
