What Is Panic Disorder?
Panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder that causes sudden episodes of intense fear called panic attacks. These attacks can happen unexpectedly, even when there is no clear danger or trigger.
Many people with panic disorder also spend a lot of time worrying about when the next attack might happen. Over time, this fear can affect daily routines, social activities, work, and relationships.
The exact cause of panic disorder is not fully known. Genetics, stress, and changes in how the brain responds to fear may all play a role. Panic disorder often begins during the teen years or early adulthood and is more common in women.
Symptoms
Panic attacks can feel overwhelming and may come on quickly. Symptoms often peak within minutes, but the emotional effects can last longer.
Common symptoms include:
- Racing or pounding heartbeat
- Sweating
- Shaking or trembling
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain or tightness
- Dizziness or feeling faint
- Nausea or stomach discomfort
- Chills or hot flashes
- Tingling or numbness
- Feeling detached from reality
- Fear of losing control or dying
How Is It Diagnosed?
A healthcare provider or mental health specialist can diagnose panic disorder by reviewing your symptoms, health history, and experiences with panic attacks.
Because panic attack symptoms can resemble other medical conditions, your provider may also perform a physical exam or order tests to rule out problems such as heart or thyroid conditions.
How Is It Treated?
Panic disorder is treatable, and many people improve with the right care plan. Treatment often includes therapy, medication, or a combination of both.
Common treatment options include:
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
- Anti-anxiety medications
- Antidepressant medications
- Relaxation and breathing techniques
- Stress management strategies
Treatment can help reduce the frequency and intensity of panic attacks while improving confidence and daily functioning.
