What is pancreatitis?

Pancreatitis is a condition that happens when digestive enzymes start working too early, irritating the pancreas instead of helping break down food.

It can appear suddenly and improve with care, or it may develop over time and cause lasting damage.

Common causes and risk factors include:

• Gallstones are blocking the flow of digestive enzymes
• Heavy alcohol use
• High levels of fats in the blood
• Certain medications
• Smoking
• Infections or injury to the abdomen
• Genetic conditions or structural problems in the pancreas

Symptoms

Pancreatitis can cause a range of symptoms, from mild discomfort to severe pain.

Common symptoms include:

• Severe pain in the upper abdomen that may spread to the back
• Nausea and vomiting
• Fever
• Tender or swollen abdomen
• Fast heartbeat
• Yellowing of the skin or eyes in some cases

How is it diagnosed?

Your healthcare provider will start with a physical exam and review your symptoms and medical history. Blood tests are often used to look for signs of inflammation and elevated enzyme levels.

Imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI help providers see the pancreas and identify blockages or damage. In some cases, specialized procedures like ERCP may be used to both diagnose and treat the condition.

How is it treated?

Treatment focuses on giving the pancreas time to heal and addressing the underlying cause.

Treatment may include:

• IV fluids to prevent dehydration
• Pain relief
• Temporary rest from eating to reduce strain on the pancreas
• Procedures to remove gallstones or clear blockages
• Feeding support if eating isn’t possible
• Surgery in more serious or recurring cases

For chronic pancreatitis, long-term care may involve enzyme supplements, blood sugar management, and lifestyle changes like avoiding alcohol and quitting smoking.

Recovery varies:

• Acute cases often improve within a few days
• Chronic pancreatitis may require ongoing management