What is an osteoid osteoma?
An osteoid osteoma is a small, noncancerous tumor that forms in the bone. Although it is not dangerous like cancer, it can cause significant pain and discomfort. These tumors stay in one area and do not spread to other parts of the body.
The exact cause of osteoid osteoma is not fully understood. Experts believe it may be linked to abnormal activity in bone-forming cells and inflammation within the bone. These tumors are not usually caused by an injury.
Osteoid osteomas are most often found in the long bones of the legs, especially the thigh and shin bones. They are most common in children, teens, and young adults.
Symptoms
The most common sign of an osteoid osteoma is ongoing bone pain that often becomes worse at night. Many people notice that over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medicines help relieve the discomfort.
Symptoms may include:
- Deep, aching pain in a bone
- Nighttime pain that interrupts sleep
- Limping or favoring one leg
- Joint stiffness or swelling near the affected area
- Curving of the spine if the tumor develops in a spinal bone
How is it diagnosed?
Your provider will begin with a physical exam and a discussion about your symptoms, including when the pain started and what makes it better or worse.
Imaging tests are important for confirming the diagnosis. X-rays often show the affected area, while CT scans provide a closer look at the tumor. In some cases, MRI scans, bone scans, or a biopsy may be needed to rule out other bone conditions.
How is it treated?
Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and the location of the tumor. Some osteoid osteomas gradually improve over time, and anti-inflammatory medicines may help manage pain during that period.
When symptoms are severe or long-lasting, more advanced treatment may be recommended. A common option is radiofrequency ablation, a minimally invasive procedure that uses heat to destroy the tumor. Some patients may need surgery to remove the affected tissue.
Recovery is usually faster after minimally invasive procedures, and many people return to normal daily activities within a few days. Surgical recovery may take longer and can include physical therapy.
