What is Osteochondroma?

Osteochondroma is a noncancerous growth that develops on the surface of a bone, usually near a growth plate. It is made of both bone and cartilage and most often appears during childhood or the teen years.

The exact cause of osteochondroma is not always known. Most cases happen on their own, but some are linked to inherited conditions that can cause multiple bone growths.

These growths commonly affect the long bones in the legs, as well as the pelvis or shoulder blade. In many cases, the growth stops getting larger once a person finishes growing.

Symptoms

Some people with osteochondroma do not notice any symptoms. Others may develop discomfort or changes around the affected bone.

Symptoms can include:

• A hard lump near a bone or joint
• Pain with movement or activity
• Muscle soreness near the growth
• Tingling or numbness if nerves are irritated
• Limited movement in a nearby joint
• Differences in arm or leg length

How is it diagnosed?

A healthcare provider will begin with a physical exam and a review of symptoms and medical history. Imaging tests help confirm the diagnosis and evaluate the size and location of the growth.

Tests may include:

• X-rays to view the bone structure
• MRI to examine cartilage and nearby soft tissues
• CT scans for detailed images of complex areas

These tests also help providers determine whether monitoring or treatment is the best next step.

How is it treated?

Treatment depends on the size of the osteochondroma, where it is located, and whether it is causing symptoms.

Many small growths that are not painful can simply be monitored over time with regular follow-up visits and imaging. If discomfort develops, treatment may begin with pain-relief medications or activity changes.

Surgery may be recommended if the growth:

• Causes ongoing pain
• Affects movement
• Irritates nerves or blood vessels
• Continues to enlarge after growth is complete

Most people recover well after treatment and return to normal activities once healing is complete.