What Is Obesity?
Obesity is a long-term health condition that happens when the body stores too much fat. It is more than a cosmetic concern and can affect many parts of your health, including your heart, joints, breathing, and blood sugar levels.
Several factors may increase the risk of obesity, including:
- Eating more calories than the body uses
- Limited physical activity
- Family history and genetics
- Hormone or metabolism-related conditions
- Certain medications
- Stress, emotional eating, or lack of sleep
Many factors can contribute to obesity, including genetics, daily habits, medications, stress, and medical conditions. With the right support and treatment plan, many people can improve their health and quality of life.
Symptoms
Obesity can affect each person differently. Some people notice physical symptoms, while others develop related health conditions over time.
Common symptoms may include:
- Weight gain that is difficult to manage
- Feeling tired or low on energy
- Shortness of breath during activity
- Joint, knee, or back pain
- Trouble sleeping or sleep apnea
- Difficulty staying active
How Is It Diagnosed?
A healthcare provider can diagnose obesity through a physical exam and a review of your medical history. Your provider may calculate your body mass index (BMI) and measure your waist size to better understand your overall health risks.
Blood tests or other screenings may also be used to check for related conditions such as diabetes, high cholesterol, or high blood pressure.
How Is It Treated?
Treatment for obesity often starts with healthy lifestyle changes. Your care team may recommend a nutrition plan, increased physical activity, and behavior support to help build long-term habits.
For some people, prescription medications may be part of treatment. These medicines can help support weight loss when combined with diet and exercise.
If obesity is causing serious health problems or other treatments have not worked, bariatric surgery may be an option. Surgical treatments can help reduce food intake or change how the body absorbs nutrients. Recovery and results vary for each person, but ongoing follow-up care is important for long-term success.
