What Is Mumps?
Mumps is a viral infection that commonly affects the salivary glands located near the jaw and ears. The condition spreads easily through saliva and respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or shares drinks and utensils.
The infection spreads through close contact, coughing, sneezing, or touching contaminated surfaces. People who have not received the MMR vaccine are at a higher risk of developing mumps.
Although most cases improve without long-term problems, adults are more likely to develop complications. These may include inflammation of the testicles, ovaries, pancreas, or tissues around the brain. Rarely, mumps can lead to hearing loss.
Symptoms
Mumps symptoms often appear about two to three weeks after exposure to the virus. Many people first notice swelling around the cheeks or jaw.
Common symptoms include:
- Swollen or tender glands near the ears or jaw
- Fever
- Headache
- Muscle aches
- Tiredness
- Loss of appetite
- Pain while chewing or swallowing
- Testicle pain or swelling in some males
How Is It Diagnosed?
A healthcare provider will review your symptoms and ask about possible exposure to someone with mumps. During the exam, they may check for swelling in the salivary glands and other signs of infection.
Testing may include a swab from the mouth or throat, blood work, or other lab tests to confirm the virus.
How Is It Treated?
There is no specific medication that cures mumps, so treatment focuses on helping you feel more comfortable while your body recovers.
Treatment may include:
- Rest
- Drinking plenty of fluids
- Over-the-counter pain or fever medicine
- Eating soft foods if chewing is painful
- Using cold or warm compresses for swelling
People with mumps should stay home and avoid close contact with others while contagious to help prevent spreading the virus. Good handwashing and covering coughs and sneezes are also important.
Most people recover fully within a few weeks.
