What is mitral valve prolapse?
Mitral valve prolapse is a condition where one of the heart’s valves doesn’t close as tightly as it should. This valve sits between two chambers on the left side of the heart and helps blood move in the correct direction.
When the valve flaps bulge backward, a small amount of blood can leak the wrong way. In most cases, this is mild and doesn’t cause serious problems.
What causes it?
The exact cause isn’t always clear, but it can be linked to changes in the valve’s structure. Some people are born with these changes, while others develop them due to another condition.
Possible contributing factors include:
- Family history of valve problems
- Connective tissue conditions
- Heart disease or prior heart damage
- Certain skeletal or muscle disorders
Symptoms
Many people with mitral valve prolapse don’t notice any symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they can vary from person to person.
Common symptoms may include:
- A fluttering or racing heartbeat
- Chest discomfort
- Feeling dizzy or lightheaded
- Shortness of breath
- Tiredness or low energy
- Difficulty exercising
In more advanced cases, symptoms can relate to changes in how the heart pumps blood.
How is it diagnosed?
Mitral valve prolapse is often discovered during a routine checkup. Your provider may hear an unusual sound, like a click or murmur, when listening to your heart.
To confirm the diagnosis, your care team may use imaging and heart tests such as:
- An echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart)
- An electrocardiogram (ECG) to check the heart rhythm
- Chest imaging to look at heart size
In some cases, additional testing may be recommended to provide a closer look at how the valve is functioning.
How is it treated?
Most people with mitral valve prolapse don’t need treatment. Instead, regular checkups help ensure the condition stays stable.
If symptoms are present, treatment may include:
- Medications to manage irregular heart rhythms
- Lifestyle changes, such as limiting caffeine and staying well hydrated
If the valve leak becomes more serious, your provider may recommend:
- Blood thinners to reduce clot risk
- Surgery to repair or replace the valve
Recovery depends on the severity of the condition. Many people continue to live normal, active lives with little to no limitations.
