What is Merkel Cell Cancer?
Merkel cell cancer is a rare type of skin cancer that can grow and spread quickly. It begins in specialized skin cells called Merkel cells, which are located near nerve endings and help the skin respond to touch.
Several factors may increase the risk of developing Merkel cell cancer, including:
- Frequent sun exposure
- Use of tanning beds
- Older age
- Light skin tone
- A weakened immune system
- Infection with Merkel cell polyomavirus
This cancer most often develops on areas of the body exposed to the sun, such as the face, neck, and arms. Because it can spread rapidly, early diagnosis and treatment are important.
Symptoms
Merkel cell cancer usually appears as a noticeable change on the skin. The growth may develop quickly over weeks or months.
Common symptoms may include:
- A firm lump or bump on the skin
- A painless growth that enlarges quickly
- Skin changes that appear red, pink, purple, or bluish
- A shiny or smooth spot on the skin
- A sore that may bleed or crust over
How Is It Diagnosed?
A healthcare provider will examine the skin and ask about your symptoms and medical history. If a suspicious growth is found, a biopsy is needed to confirm whether cancer cells are present.
Additional testing may help determine whether the cancer has spread. These tests can include imaging scans such as CT, PET, or MRI scans. Some patients may also need lymph node testing to check for nearby cancer spread.
How Is It Treated?
Treatment depends on the size of the tumor, whether it has spread, and your overall health. In many cases, surgery is used first to remove the cancer and a small area of healthy tissue around it.
Other treatments may include:
- Radiation therapy to destroy remaining cancer cells
- Immunotherapy to help the immune system target cancer
- Chemotherapy for advanced disease
- Lymph node treatment if cancer has spread nearby
Some patients receive a combination of treatments. Your care team will work with you to create a plan that fits your needs and goals.
