What Is Measles?
Measles is a very contagious illness caused by a virus. It spreads easily through coughing, sneezing, or close contact with someone who is infected. The illness often begins with flu-like symptoms before a rash appears.
People who have not been vaccinated are at the highest risk of getting measles.
Although many people recover fully, measles can sometimes lead to serious health problems, especially in young children, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems.
Symptoms
Measles symptoms usually begin about one to two weeks after exposure to the virus. Early symptoms can feel similar to a cold or flu before the rash develops.
Common symptoms include:
- High fever
- Cough
- Runny nose
- Red or watery eyes
- Tiredness
- Small white spots inside the mouth (Koplik spots)
- A red rash that often starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body
How Is It Diagnosed?
Healthcare providers usually diagnose measles by reviewing symptoms and examining the rash. The pattern of the rash and the presence of fever and cough can help identify the illness.
In some cases, blood tests or other lab testing may be used to confirm the diagnosis.
How Is It Treated?
There is no specific cure for measles, so treatment focuses on helping the body recover and reducing symptoms.
Treatment may include:
- Rest
- Drinking plenty of fluids
- Medicine to lower fever and improve comfort
- Vitamin A supplements in some patients
- Careful monitoring for complications
If a bacterial infection develops along with measles, antibiotics may be needed. Antibiotics do not treat the measles virus itself.
Most people recover within a few weeks. However, some people may develop complications such as pneumonia, ear infections, or inflammation of the brain that require additional medical care.
Vaccination is the best way to help prevent measles. The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps, and rubella and is recommended as part of routine childhood immunizations.
