What is mastitis?
Mastitis is a condition that causes breast tissue swelling and irritation. It most often affects people who are breastfeeding, but it can happen to anyone. In some cases, bacteria can cause an infection, worsening symptoms.
Several factors can increase your risk, including:
- Cracked or sore nipples
- Difficulty with your baby’s latch
- Blocked milk ducts
- Skipping feedings or not fully emptying the breast
- Feeling overtired or run down
Symptoms
Mastitis usually develops when milk is not fully emptied from the breast or when bacteria enter through irritated skin.
Common symptoms include:
- Breast tenderness, warmth, or swelling
- A painful or firm area in the breast
- Redness, sometimes in a wedge shape
- Fever or chills
- Body aches or fatigue
How is it diagnosed?
Your provider will usually diagnose mastitis based on your symptoms and a physical exam. Most people do not need additional testing.
If symptoms don’t improve within a few days, imaging, such as an ultrasound, may be used to evaluate for complications, such as an abscess. In more severe cases, cultures or blood tests may help guide treatment.
How is it treated?
Treatment focuses on relieving discomfort and keeping milk flowing.
Early treatments may include:
- Continuing to breastfeed or pump frequently
- Applying warm compresses before feeding
- Gently massaging the affected area
- Drinking plenty of fluids and getting extra rest
- Taking over-the-counter pain relievers
If a bacterial infection is suspected, your provider may prescribe antibiotics. These are typically safe to take while breastfeeding.
Most people begin to feel better within a few days, but it’s important to complete any prescribed medication to prevent symptoms from returning.
