What is lead poisoning?
Lead poisoning happens when lead builds up in the body over time. Even small amounts can be harmful, especially for young children and pregnant women. Lead exposure may affect the brain, nervous system, and other organs.
People are usually exposed by breathing in or swallowing lead particles. Older homes with lead-based paint, contaminated dust, and aging plumbing are common sources.
Common causes and risk factors include:
- Homes built before 1978 with lead-based paint
- Lead-contaminated dust or soil
- Drinking water from older lead pipes
- Certain imported pottery, toys, or cosmetics
- Jobs involving battery manufacturing, mining, or construction
- Renovation work in older buildings
Symptoms
Lead poisoning can develop slowly, and some people may not notice symptoms right away. Children and adults can experience different effects.
Symptoms in children may include:
- Learning or attention problems
- Delayed growth
- Irritability or behavior changes
- Headaches
- Fatigue
- Belly pain or constipation
- Hearing problems
- Seizures in severe cases
Symptoms in adults may include:
- High blood pressure
- Headaches
- Joint or muscle pain
- Memory or concentration problems
- Digestive issues
- Mood changes
- Fertility or pregnancy complications
- Numbness or weakness
How is it diagnosed?
Healthcare providers diagnose lead poisoning with a blood lead level test. Your provider may also ask questions about your home, workplace, hobbies, or possible environmental exposure.
Additional testing may be recommended to check for complications related to lead exposure, such as anemia or nerve problems.
How is it treated?
Treatment begins with removing the source of lead exposure. This may include repairing peeling paint, improving water safety, or avoiding contaminated products or work environments.
For mild cases, regular blood testing and monitoring may be enough. Providers may also recommend healthy nutrition, including foods rich in iron and calcium, which can help reduce lead absorption.
More serious cases may require chelation therapy. These medications bind to lead so the body can remove it. Severe poisoning sometimes requires hospital care and IV treatment.
Recovery depends on how much lead exposure occurred and how long it lasted. Early treatment can help lower the risk of lasting health problems.
