What Is Kyphosis?
Kyphosis is a condition that causes the upper spine to curve forward more than normal. This extra curvature can make the back appear rounded or hunched. While a small curve in the upper spine is normal, a larger curve may affect posture, comfort, and movement.
Kyphosis can develop in children, teens, or adults. Some cases are linked to poor posture, while others happen because of changes in the bones of the spine or certain medical conditions.
Several factors can contribute to kyphosis, including:
- Poor posture
- Spinal growth changes during adolescence (Scheuermann kyphosis)
- Congenital spinal conditions present at birth
- Osteoporosis or weakened bones
- Neuromuscular conditions
- Spine injuries or fractures
- Age-related spinal degeneration
Symptoms
Symptoms can vary depending on the severity of the spinal curve. Some people have mild posture changes, while others may experience pain or stiffness.
Common symptoms of kyphosis may include:
- Rounded upper back
- Forward head posture
- Uneven shoulders or shoulder blades
- Back stiffness or fatigue
- Muscle tightness
- Back pain
- Reduced flexibility
In severe cases, kyphosis may affect lung function and make breathing more difficult.
How Is It Diagnosed?
A healthcare provider will evaluate your posture, spine alignment, and symptoms during a physical exam. They’ll also review your medical history and ask about any pain, stiffness, or changes in mobility.
Imaging tests are commonly used to confirm the diagnosis and measure the spinal curve. X-rays are typically the first step. In some cases, MRI or CT scans may be recommended to look more closely at the spine, nerves, or surrounding structures.
How Is It Treated?
Treatment depends on the cause of kyphosis, the degree of spinal curvature, and whether symptoms are getting worse.
Many people improve with conservative treatments such as:
- Physical therapy
- Stretching and strengthening exercises
- Posture training
- Pain-relief medications when needed
- Regular monitoring
For children or teens who are still growing, a brace may help prevent the curve from worsening.
Surgery is usually reserved for severe cases, progressive spinal curves, or situations where breathing, movement, or daily activities are affected. Recovery varies based on the type of treatment and the severity of the condition.
