What Is Iritis?
Iritis is inflammation inside the front part of the eye, especially the iris—the colored area surrounding the pupil. This inflammation can cause pain, redness, and vision changes. Iritis is one form of uveitis, a condition that affects tissues inside the eye.
Several conditions and health issues can trigger iritis. Possible causes include:
- Autoimmune diseases such as lupus or ankylosing spondylitis
- Eye injuries or trauma
- Viral or bacterial infections
- Reactions to certain medications
- Inflammatory conditions affecting other parts of the body
Without treatment, iritis can lead to serious complications that may affect eyesight. Getting medical attention early can help protect your vision and reduce long-term problems.
Symptoms
Iritis symptoms often appear quickly and may affect one or both eyes. Some people experience mild irritation, while others have more severe discomfort.
Common symptoms include:
- Eye redness
- Eye pain or aching
- Sensitivity to light
- Blurry or decreased vision
- Headaches
- Excess tearing
- A pupil that looks smaller or uneven
How Is It Diagnosed?
An eye care provider will perform a detailed eye exam to look for signs of inflammation. This usually includes a slit-lamp exam, which uses a special microscope and bright light to examine the inside of the eye.
Your provider may also ask about your symptoms, medical history, and any recent illnesses or injuries. Blood tests or imaging studies may be recommended if an autoimmune disease or infection is suspected.
How Is It Treated?
Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation, easing pain, and preventing damage to the eye. Most people begin treatment with medicated eye drops.
Treatment options may include:
- Steroid eye drops to reduce inflammation
- Dilating eye drops to relax the pupil and relieve discomfort
- Antibiotics or antiviral medications if infection is present
- Immunosuppressive medications for ongoing or autoimmune-related inflammation
Some people need additional treatment if complications develop, such as glaucoma or cataracts. Regular follow-up visits are important to make sure the eye is healing properly.
Many patients recover well when treatment begins early. However, iritis can return, especially in people with autoimmune conditions.
