What is an Inguinal Hernia?

An inguinal hernia happens when tissue, often part of the intestine, pushes through a weak spot in the lower abdominal wall near the groin. This can create a soft bulge that may become more noticeable when standing, coughing, or straining. Over time, the area can grow larger if not treated.

Some hernias can be gently pushed back into place early on, but they do not go away on their own.

Possible causes and risk factors:

• Weakness present at birth
• Muscle weakening with age
• Heavy lifting or repeated strain
• Chronic coughing
• Straining during bowel movements
• Being male
• Obesity or pregnancy
• Smoking or family history

Symptoms

An inguinal hernia may feel different for each person. Some people notice only a small lump, while others experience discomfort or pain.

Common symptoms include:

• A bulge in the groin or scrotum
• Pain or pressure in the groin
• Discomfort that worsens with lifting, coughing, or exercise
• A burning or aching feeling at the site

More serious symptoms (need urgent care):

• Sudden or severe pain
• Nausea or vomiting
• Trouble passing stool or gas

How is it diagnosed?

Your provider will usually diagnose an inguinal hernia during a physical exam. You may be asked to stand, cough, or strain to make the bulge easier to see or feel.

If the diagnosis is unclear or complications are suspected, imaging tests may be performed. These can include an ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to get a closer look at the area.

How is it treated?

Inguinal hernias do not heal on their own. Treatment depends on your symptoms and overall health.

Non-surgical approach:

• Monitoring may be recommended if the hernia is small and not causing discomfort

Surgical treatment:

• Open repair: The hernia is pushed back into place, and the muscle wall is reinforced, often with mesh
• Minimally invasive (laparoscopic) repair: Small incisions and a camera are used to repair the hernia with mesh

Emergency treatment:

• Immediate surgery is needed if the hernia becomes trapped or cuts off the blood supply

Most people recover well after surgery. You may need to limit activity for a short time while healing.