What Is Impetigo?
Impetigo is a common skin infection caused by bacteria. It affects the outer layer of the skin and spreads easily through close contact. Children are most often affected, but adults can develop impetigo too.
The infection usually begins when bacteria enter through a break in the skin, such as a scrape, insect bite, or irritated area from eczema. Without treatment, the rash can spread to nearby skin or to other people.
Several factors can increase the risk, including:
- Cuts, scrapes, or insect bites
- Eczema or other skin conditions
- Warm, humid weather
- Close contact with someone who has impetigo
- Sharing towels, clothing, or personal items
- Diabetes or weakened immune systems
Symptoms
Impetigo often starts as small red sores or blisters that quickly change in appearance. The affected skin may become itchy, tender, or crusted over.
Common symptoms include:
- Red bumps or sores
- Blisters filled with fluid
- Yellow or honey-colored crusts
- Itching or mild discomfort
- Skin irritation around the nose, mouth, arms, or legs
- Larger blisters in some forms of impetigo
- Deeper sores in severe cases
How Is It Diagnosed?
A healthcare provider can often diagnose impetigo by examining the skin. They will ask about symptoms, recent skin injuries, and possible exposure to someone with the infection.
In some cases, a sample from a blister or sore may be tested to identify the bacteria causing the infection. This can help guide treatment, especially if the infection is severe or keeps returning.
How Is It Treated?
Treatment usually begins with antibiotics to stop the infection and prevent it from spreading. Mild cases may improve with prescription antibiotic creams or ointments applied directly to the skin.
More widespread infections may require oral antibiotics. Your provider may also recommend:
- Washing the area gently with soap and water
- Keeping fingernails trimmed to reduce scratching
- Covering sores when needed
- Washing hands often
- Avoiding shared towels or personal items
Most people begin to improve within about a week after starting treatment. Getting care early can help lower the risk of deeper skin infections or scarring.
