What is Hypoparathyroidism?
Hypoparathyroidism is a condition in which the parathyroid glands do not produce enough hormone to maintain stable calcium levels. These small glands in the neck help regulate calcium, which is essential for muscle and nerve function. When hormone levels drop, calcium in the blood becomes too low.
This imbalance can affect many parts of the body, especially muscles and the nervous system.
Possible causes include:
- Accidental damage or removal of parathyroid glands during neck or thyroid surgery
- Genetic conditions that affect gland development or function
- Autoimmune or inherited disorders
- Radiation therapy to the neck area
- Rare cases where the body does not respond properly to the hormone
Symptoms
Hypoparathyroidism affects people in different ways, but most symptoms are linked to low calcium levels.
Common symptoms include:
- Muscle cramps or tightening, especially in the face, hands, or feet
- Tingling or “pins and needles” sensations around the mouth or in the limbs
- Fatigue or weakness
- Seizures in more severe cases
In children, the condition may also affect tooth development and learning.
How is it diagnosed?
Your provider will begin with a physical exam and review your symptoms and health history. Blood tests play a key role in diagnosis and measure levels of calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone.
These results help confirm whether your body is maintaining proper mineral balance.
How is it treated?
Treatment focuses on restoring and maintaining healthy calcium levels.
Most people start with:
- Calcium supplements
- Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium
If calcium levels drop suddenly or become dangerously low, you may need calcium through an IV for quick relief.
In some cases, additional treatments may include:
- Hormone replacement therapy
- Dietary changes to increase calcium and limit phosphorus
With consistent care, many people can manage symptoms effectively, though long-term treatment is often needed.
